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\begin{document}
\title{Appendix for Policy over party: The relative effects of candidate ideology and party on affective polarization}
\maketitle


\section{Experiment Wording}
Respondents saw one of the following vignettes:

\subsection{Control Condition}
William Richardson is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 


\subsection{Party Only}
William Richardson is a [Republican/Democrat]. He is a 53-year-old businessman who has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

\subsection{Ideology Only}
\subsubsection{Extreme Conservative}
William Richardson is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson strongly opposes government-run universal healthcare. He  believes that the federal government should not be able to mandate  healthcare and favors a free-market system. In addition, this candidate  is strongly pro-life and wants to prohibit federal funding for  abortions. Lastly, he supports legal immigration only and wants tougher  enforcement of immigration laws. He wants the federal government to  better secure the southern border and not grant amnesty for those who  enter the United States illegally. 

\subsubsection{Moderate Conservative}
William Richardson is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson supports some degree of federal funding for healthcare, but opposes the individual mandate requiring people to purchase health insurance coverage. On the issue of abortion, this candidate is generally pro-choice and has been an outspoken supporter of federal funding for Planned Parenthood. Lastly, he supports tougher enforcement of immigration laws and wants the federal government to better secure the southern border. However, he still supports a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens and has voted on continuing federal funding for "sanctuary cities." 

\subsubsection{Extreme Liberal}
William Richardson is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson is a strong advocate of universal single-payer healthcare and believes that health care is a basic human right. He thinks that the government should require that all Americans have healthcare coverage. In addition, he strongly supports  abortion rights. He believes that abortion is a woman's unrestricted right and supports public abortion funding. Lastly, he supports legal immigration and rights for undocumented immigrants living the United States. He favors providing a pathway to citizenship for illegal aliens and strongly supports the DREAM Act, which protects young immigrants who are vulnerable to deportation.

\subsubsection{Moderate Liberal}
William Richardson is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson supports government-run healthcare and wants to prohibit  insurers from denying coverage to people with preexisting conditions.  However, he does not think that individuals and businesses should be  required to buy insurance. In addition, he is opposed to abortion and  consistently takes a pro-life stance.  Lastly, he generally favors  providing a pathway to citizenship for illegal aliens, but has showed  support in the past for immigration enforcement laws.

\subsection{Ideology + Party Only}
\subsubsection{Extreme Conservative}
William Richardson is a Republican. He is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson strongly opposes government-run universal healthcare. He  believes that the federal government should not be able to mandate  healthcare and favors a free-market system. In addition, this candidate  is strongly pro-life and wants to prohibit federal funding for  abortions. Lastly, he supports legal immigration only and wants tougher  enforcement of immigration laws. He wants the federal government to  better secure the southern border and not grant amnesty for those who  enter the United States illegally. 

\subsubsection{Moderate Conservative}
William Richardson is a Republican. He is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson supports some degree of federal funding for healthcare, but opposes the individual mandate requiring people to purchase health insurance coverage. On the issue of abortion, this candidate is generally pro-choice and has been an outspoken supporter of federal funding for Planned Parenthood. Lastly, he supports tougher enforcement of immigration laws and wants the federal government to better secure the southern border. However, he still supports a path to citizenship for some illegal aliens and has voted on continuing federal funding for "sanctuary cities." 

\subsubsection{Extreme Liberal}
William Richardson is a Democrat. He is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson is a strong advocate of universal single-payer healthcare and believes that health care is a basic human right. He thinks that the government should require that all Americans have healthcare coverage. In addition, he strongly supports  abortion rights. He believes that abortion is a woman's unrestricted right and supports public abortion funding. Lastly, he supports legal immigration and rights for undocumented immigrants living the United States. He favors providing a pathway to citizenship for illegal aliens and strongly supports the DREAM Act, which protects young immigrants who are vulnerable to deportation.

\subsubsection{Moderate Liberal}
William Richardson is a Democrat. He is a 53-year-old businessman. He has been married for 34 years and has two sons. He earned his college degree in 1974 and then served for ten years in the state legislature. After that, he was a co-founder of the state's public affairs television station. In addition, he is a member of the board for the state history museum. 

Richardson supports government-run healthcare and wants to prohibit  insurers from denying coverage to people with preexisting conditions.  However, he does not think that individuals and businesses should be  required to buy insurance. In addition, he is opposed to abortion and  consistently takes a pro-life stance.  Lastly, he generally favors  providing a pathway to citizenship for illegal aliens, but has showed  support in the past for immigration enforcement laws.

\subsection{Outcome Measure}
After reading the vignette, respondents were asked the following:

\begin{quote}
On a scale ranging from 0 to 100, where a score of 0 means you feel "cold" towards this candidate, a score of 50 means you do not feel "particularly warm or cold" towards this candidate, and a score of 100 means you have "warm" feelings towards this candidate, how would score your feelings towards this candidate?
\end{quote}

\section{Measuring Ideological Extremity}
Ideological extremity was measured by first coding each of the following variables to lie between 0 and 1, where 0 meant the respondent gave the most liberal score, and 1 meant the respondent gave the most conservative score. 

\begin{itemize}
    \item When it comes to politics do you usually think of yourself as: Very conservative , Conservative, Slightly conservative. Moderate, Middle of the road, Slightly liberal, Liberal, Extremely liberal
    \item Which of the two statements comes closer to your view? (The less government, the better. [Coded 1];  There are more things that government should be doing. [Coded 0])
    \item Which of the two statements comes closer to your view? (The main reason government has become bigger over the years is because it has gotten involved in things that people should do for themselves. [Coded 1]; Government has become bigger because the problems we face have become bigger. [Coded 0]
\end{itemize}

These items were then averaged. Finally, ideological extremity was computed as the distance from the midpoint. Ideological mismatched (e.g., Republicans who reported a liberal ideology/Democrats who reported a conservative ideology) were recoded as 0. 

\section{Sample Demographics}
\input{sampledemos.tex}



\end{document}